Ponds are central to the life and prosperity of the whole eco-system in India and used primarily for rainwater harvesting & bathing of domestic livestock. Ponds also perform other beneficial effects such as regulating temperature, humidity (micro climate regulation) and hot spots for aquatic flora and fauna.
Punjab is one of the progressive states of India with 13,260 villages and 167 Urban Local Bodies inhabiated by 62.51% and 37.49% of total population, respectively. A total 15,466 rural and 249 urban ponds have been indentified in the state by Department of Rural Development & Panchyats (DRDP) and Department of Local Government, respectively. However, in the absence of any treatment facility for scientific disposal of sullage, most ponds in the state have become prominent disposal points for wastewater. Water overflowing from ponds due to silitation is a common problem, which reduce their water-holding capacity. The nutrient loading from run-off from nearby agricultural areas, dumping of waste, infestation by aquatic weeds, encroachment, etc. are the other major threats to village ponds.
The state of villages and their natural assets reflect levels of development & progress of Nation & States. Most of the ponds of Punjab require a pragmatic eco-restoration. The basic scientific insights needed for planning and management of ponds is inadequate. Therefore, it is imperative to explore all available technological options for restoration conservation & management of ponds as per site specific conditions keeping in view vital role played by ponds in water conservation, climate change adaptation and biodiversity habitat.